{"id":6295,"date":"2023-02-22T10:31:12","date_gmt":"2023-02-22T10:31:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lltonline.org\/?p=6295"},"modified":"2023-02-22T10:51:11","modified_gmt":"2023-02-22T10:51:11","slug":"arts-_-culture-compilations-part-1-chapter-2-classical-dance-forms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lltonline.org\/index.php\/2023\/02\/22\/arts-_-culture-compilations-part-1-chapter-2-classical-dance-forms\/","title":{"rendered":"Arts _ Culture Compilations Part 1 (Chapter 2 CLASSICAL DANCE FORMS)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"6295\" class=\"elementor elementor-6295\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-81c206d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"81c206d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cb7e36\" data-id=\"5cb7e36\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18f3777 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18f3777\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.20.0 - 20-03-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Introduction <\/strong><\/p><ul><li>The principles are derived from &#8220;Natya Shastra&#8221; by Bharat Muni.<\/li><li>Natya comprises of music, dance and drama.<\/li><li>It is Brahma who is said to have created &#8220;Natyaveda&#8221; which is supposed to be the essence of existent Vedas!<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>1)Bharatnatyam\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>It is believed that Bharatnatyam was revealed by Lord Brahma to Bharata, a famous sage who then codified this sacred dance in a Sanskrit text called the Natya Shastra.<\/li><li>Probably derives its name from an amalgamation of Bha from bhava, Ra from raaga and Ta from tala.\u00a0<\/li><li>Has its origin in the sadeer or the solo performance of the devadasis of Tamil Nadu.<\/li><li>Dance fell into disrepute but was brought into mainstream by Rukmini Arundale through her school Kalashetra (also popularized by freedom fighter E.Krishna Iyer)<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Famous styles of Bharatnatyam: <\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Padanallur<\/li><li>Tanjore<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Format of a Bharatnatyam Dance: <\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Ganpati Dance- prayer to Ganesha.<\/li><li>Alarippur- invocatory piece.<\/li><li>Jatiswaram- pure dance-create beautiful pieces to rhythmic beats.\u00a0<\/li><li>Shabdam- abhinaya to a song in praise of God.<\/li><li>Varnam- combines nritta and natya.<\/li><li>Padam- dancer can reveal mastery over Abhinaya(usually padams deal with the theme of love)<\/li><li>Thillana- pure dance. <\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Famous Dancers <\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Rukmini Devi\u00a0<\/li><li>Mrinalini Sarabhai.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>2)Kuchipudi <\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Originated in Andhra Pradesh.<\/li><li>Gets its name from the village of its birth Kuseelavapuri.\u00a0<\/li><li>Kuseelavas were groups of actors going from village to village.\u00a0<\/li><li>Basically can be traced to the dance dramas of Brahmins in temples.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Features <\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Traditionally a male preserve but now open to women too.<\/li><li>Combines lasya and tandav.<\/li><li>Bhama Kalapam is an important part of its repertoire.<\/li><li>Siddhendra Yogi is the one who composed the above; believed it was a dance that could lead to salvation.<\/li><\/ul><p><em><strong>Exponent : Raja and Raddha Reddy. <\/strong><\/em><\/p><p>3)Kathak\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>U.P.<\/li><li>Probably inspired by rasleela.<\/li><li>Influenced by Vaisnavism.<\/li><li>Revolves around Radha Krishna dance.\u00a0<\/li><li>Derives its name from Kathika or story tellers who could recite stories from epics with gestures.<\/li><li>Involves nritta and nritya.<\/li><li>Branched into a courtly stream in Mughal Period.<\/li><li>Fell into disrepute, later revived.<\/li><li>Influenced by different styles of different gharanas- Lucknow, Jaipur, Varanasi &amp; Raigarh<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Features\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Intricate footwork.\u00a0<\/li><li>Usage of facial expressions &amp; hastas.\u00a0<\/li><li>No bending of knees unlike Bharatnatayam.\u00a0<\/li><li>Indian and Persian costumes.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Format <\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Ganesh vandana.\u00a0<\/li><li>Aamad (dancer enters stage with its item).\u00a0<\/li><li>Thaat (soft &amp; varied movements).<\/li><li>Gat Nikaas (brief outlines of mytho stories).<\/li><li>Pradhant (recitation of complicated bols &amp; demonstration).\u00a0<\/li><li>Tatkar (conclusion-intricate footwork &amp; complex).<\/li><\/ul><p>Exponent<\/p><ul><li>Birju Maharaj \uf0b7 Sashwati Sen.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>4)Manipuri Features\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Emphasis on Bhakti.\u00a0<\/li><li>Not sensuous.\u00a0<\/li><li>Awesome costumes, serene expressions.\u00a0<\/li><li>Limited use of mudras.\u00a0<\/li><li>Flourished with advent of Vaishnavism.<\/li><li>Usage of drum.\u00a0<\/li><li>Cholom means dance- both tandav and lasya elements are present.\u00a0<\/li><li>Inseparable from Rasleela.\u00a0<\/li><li>Usage of compositions or songs composed by Jayadeva, Chandidas.\u00a0<\/li><li>Brought to prominence by R.N. Tagore who introduced it in Shantiniketan.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Exponent\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Charu Mathur.<\/li><li>Bipin Singh.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-30e7667 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"30e7667\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-487605c\" data-id=\"487605c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35c307a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35c307a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>5)Mohiniattam <\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Kerala. &#8220;Dance of the enchantress&#8221;.<\/li><li>Origin apparently in 19th Century at Travancore.\u00a0<\/li><li>Songs composed by Swami Thirunal.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Features <\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Elements of Bharatnatyam and Kathakali.<\/li><li>Grace of the former, vigour of the latter.<\/li><li>Girls dance.<\/li><li>Erotic and lyrical.\u00a0<\/li><li>Distinctive costumes.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Exponent<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Hema Malini.\u00a0<\/li><li>Vyajanti Mala.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>6)Odissi <\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Probably derives its name from Odra nritya mentioned in Natya Shastra.<\/li><li>Dance of the devadasis.<\/li><li>Influenced by Vaishnavism and Bhakti cult.<\/li><li>Brought to light by Dr Charles Fabri, dance critic who documented it.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Features <\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Called mobile sculpture because of its graceful ad sensuous nature.<\/li><li>Great importance to Tribhanga posture.\u00a0<\/li><li>After the devadasis fell into disrepute, it became a male preserve.\u00a0<\/li><li>Jayadeva&#8217;s ashtapadi is a compulsory item in its repertoire.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Format<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Mangalcharan.\u00a0<\/li><li>Batunritya.<\/li><li>Pallavi.<\/li><li>Tharijham.<\/li><li>Moksha (final dance of liberation)<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Exponents <\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Madhavi Mudgal.<\/li><li>Rani Karna.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>7)Kathakali <\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Katha means story, Kali means drama.<\/li><li>Temples of Kerala.\u00a0<\/li><li>Main sources Kudiattam and Krishnattam.\u00a0<\/li><li>Ramanattam evolved into Kathakali.<\/li><li>Popularized through Kalamandalam set up by Vallathol Menon.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Features <\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Male preserve.<\/li><li>Suited to open air stage.<\/li><li>Elaborate make up.<\/li><li>Emphasis on gestures &amp; expressions.<\/li><li>Great use of eye expression.<\/li><li>Color to indicate character (green-mobility; black-wickedness)\u00a0<\/li><li>Thiranottam- expressive fiery character.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Themes <\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Epics<\/li><li>Puranas\u00a0<\/li><li>Prevents the eternal conflict between Good and Evil.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>8)Sattriya <\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Assam, introduced by Mahapurusha Shankardeva (Vaishnava saint+reformer) in 15th Century.<\/li><li>Named because of its religious character association with Sattras(Vaishnava Maths\/Monasteries)\u00a0<\/li><li>Visible influences from Bihu, Bodos etc.<\/li><li>Governed strictly laid down principles in respect of hastamudras, footworks, aharyas, music etc.<\/li><li>2 dance forms prevalent before neo-Vaishnavism movement viz, Ojapali and Devadasi.\u00a0<\/li><li>2 varieties of Ojapali still prevalent in Assam:<\/li><li>1) Sukananni\/ Maroi Goa Ojah- Shakti Cult.<\/li><li>2) Vyah Goa Ojah- Vaishnava Cult.\u00a0<\/li><li>Dancers in a Ojapali not only sing but also explain through gestures and stylized movements.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction The principles are derived from &#8220;Natya Shastra&#8221; by Bharat Muni. Natya comprises of music, dance and drama. It is Brahma who is said to have created &#8220;Natyaveda&#8221; which is supposed to be the essence of existent Vedas! 1)Bharatnatyam\u00a0 It is believed that Bharatnatyam was revealed by Lord Brahma to Bharata, a famous sage who [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[],"post_folder":[53],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lltonline.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6295"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lltonline.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lltonline.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lltonline.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lltonline.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6295"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/lltonline.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6295\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6303,"href":"https:\/\/lltonline.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6295\/revisions\/6303"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lltonline.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6295"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lltonline.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6295"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lltonline.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6295"},{"taxonomy":"post_folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lltonline.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_folder?post=6295"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}