{"id":4227,"date":"2022-07-06T10:15:46","date_gmt":"2022-07-06T10:15:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lltonline.org\/?page_id=4227"},"modified":"2022-07-06T10:42:30","modified_gmt":"2022-07-06T10:42:30","slug":"lecture","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/lltonline.org\/index.php\/lecture\/","title":{"rendered":"Lecture: Chutiya Kingdom"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4227\" class=\"elementor elementor-4227\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-be9bae9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"be9bae9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1dd0f74\" data-id=\"1dd0f74\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-912149e elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"912149e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;hosted&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.20.0 - 20-03-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-video .elementor-widget-container{overflow:hidden;transform:translateZ(0)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper{aspect-ratio:var(--video-aspect-ratio)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper iframe,.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper video{height:100%;width:100%;display:flex;border:none;background-color:#000}@supports not (aspect-ratio:1\/1){.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper{position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:0;padding-bottom:calc(100% \/ var(--video-aspect-ratio))}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper iframe,.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper video{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0}}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-open-inline .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-size:cover;background-position:50%}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{cursor:pointer;text-align:center}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay:hover .elementor-custom-embed-play i{opacity:1}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay img{display:block;width:100%;aspect-ratio:var(--video-aspect-ratio);-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;-o-object-position:center center;object-position:center center}@supports not (aspect-ratio:1\/1){.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:0;padding-bottom:calc(100% \/ var(--video-aspect-ratio))}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay img{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0}}.elementor-widget-video .e-hosted-video .elementor-video{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-video,.e-con>.elementor-widget-video{width:var(--container-widget-width);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"e-hosted-video elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<video class=\"elementor-video\" src=\"http:\/\/www.lltonline.org\/Class%20Contents\/Assam%20History%20-%20Upal\/Chutia%20Kingdom.mp4\" autoplay=\"\" controls=\"\" controlsList=\"nodownload\"><\/video>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68fa338 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"68fa338\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.20.0 - 20-03-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Chutiya Kingdom<br \/><\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During the earlier part of the 13th century, when the Ahoms established their rule over Assam with the capital at Sivasagar, the Sovansiri area and by the banks of the Disang river were under the control of the Chutias. According to popular Chutia legend, Chutia king Birpal established his rule at <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sadiya in 1189. He was succeeded by ten kings of whom the eighth king Dhirnarayan or Dharmaraj had a son, Sadhak Narayan and a daughter Sadhani. In his old age he handed over his kingdom to his son-in-law Nitai or Nityapal. Later on Nityapal&#8217;s incompetent rule gave an opportunity to the Ahom king Suhungmung Dihingia Raja, who annexed it to the Ahom kingdom. Sadhani and Nityapal committed suicide.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><b>Medieval History (12<\/b><b>th<\/b><b> to early 19<\/b><b>th<\/b><b> century AD)<br \/><\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The first Mohammedan invasion (1206 &amp; 1226) of Kamrupa took place during the reign of a king called Prithu who was killed in a battle with Ilitutmish in 1228.During the second invastion by Ikhtiyaruddin Yuzbak or Tughril Khan, about 1257, the king of Kamrupa Saindhya (1250-1270) transferred\u00a0 the\u00a0 capital\u00a0 Kamrup\u00a0 Nagar\u2018\u00a0 to\u00a0 Kamatapur\u00a0 in\u00a0 the\u00a0 west.\u00a0 From\u00a0 then\u00a0 onwards,\u00a0 Kamata&#8217;s ruler was called Kamateshwar.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to traditions, Lower Assam and the adjacent part of Bengal subsequently formed a kingdom called Kamata, and its ruler at the beginning of the fourteenth century was\u00a0 Durlabh Narayan (1330-1350). He is followed by Indranarayan and probably he was the last ruler of this dynasty.During the last part of 14th century, Arimatta was the ruler of Gaur (the northern region of former Kamatapur) who had his capital at Vaidyagar. The last descendent of Arimatta was Mriganka, who died childless, followed by the rule of the Bhuyans and after the invasion of the Mughals in the 15th century many muslims settled in this State and can be said to be the first Muslim settlers of this region.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the 15th century a line of Khen kings rose to power and Nilambar, the third and the last of this line, was overthrown in 1498 by Hussain Shah, who after\u00a0 a long\u00a0 seize, took the capital, Kamatapur by his stratagem.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><b>First Mohammedan Invasion of Kamrupa<br \/><\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1206\u00a0 the\u00a0 Afghan Muhammad-i-Bakhtiyar\u00a0 (Bakhtiyar\u00a0 Khilji\u00a0 ) passed\u00a0 through\u00a0 Kamarupa\u00a0 against Tibet which ended in disaster, the\u00a0 first\u00a0 of\u00a0 many\u00a0 Turko-Afghan\u00a0 invasions.\u00a0 The ruler\u00a0 of\u00a0 Kamarupa\u00a0 at this point was Prithu (d. 1228, called Britu in Tabaqat-i Nasiri), who is sometimes identified with Visvasundara, the son of Vallabhadeva of the Lunar dynasty, mentioned in the Gachtal inscription of 1232\u00a0 A.D. Prithu\u00a0 withstood\u00a0 invasions\u00a0 (1226\u201327)\u00a0 from Ghiyasuddin \u00a0 Iwaj \u00a0 Shah of Gauda who retreated, but was killed in the subsequent invasion by Nasiruddin Mahmud in 1228.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nasiruddin installed a tributary king but after his death in 1229, the control of Kamarupa lapsed back to local rulers.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><b>Kingdom of Kamata<br \/><\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From among the local rulers, there emerged a strong ruler named Sandhya (c.1250\u20131270), the Rai of Kamrup, with his capital at Kamarupanagara, the seat of the last Pala kings.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Malik Ikhtiyaruddin Iuzbak, a governor of Gaur for the Mamluk rulers of Delhi,\u00a0 attempted\u00a0 an invasive attack on Sandhya&#8217;s domain in 1257; and Sandhya, with the help of the spring floods that same year, captured and killed the Sultan. Subsequent to this attack,\u00a0 Sandhya\u00a0 moved his\u00a0 capital from Kamarupanagara to Kamatapur (North Bengal) and established a new kingdom, that came to be called Kamata.At that time, western Kamarupa was the domain of the Koch and Mech peoples. In other \u00a0 parts \u00a0 of\u00a0 \u00a0 the\u00a0 \u00a0 erstwhile\u00a0 \u00a0 Kamarupa,\u00a0 \u00a0 the Kachari\u00a0 \u00a0 kingdom (central\u00a0 \u00a0 Assam,\u00a0 \u00a0 South bank), BaroBhuyans (central Assam, North bank), and the Chutiya kingdom (east) were emerging. The Ahoms, who would establish a strong and independent kingdom later, began building their state structures in the region between the Kachari and the Chutiya kingdoms in 1228.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><b>BAROBHUYANS<br \/><\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Bhuyans were petty chiefs who had their petty principalities towards the east of Kamrup- Kamata area. They were politically aware and accordingly they made the adjustments, sometimes accepting the suzerainty of kings more powerful than them or sometimes declaring their independence.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The\u00a0 title\u00a0 \u2015Baro\u2016\u00a0 is\u00a0 a\u00a0 title\u00a0 of\u00a0 honour\u00a0 given\u00a0 to\u00a0 twelve\u00a0 chieftains\u00a0 who,\u00a0 even\u00a0 though\u00a0 were\u00a0 not\u00a0 kings, established in their independence they stood united against any common enemy. They took up arms against the Ahoms also, but it was the Ahom king Pratap Singha who crushed the rebellion of the Barobhuyans. Mention here should also be made of Srimanta Sankardeva, the most illustrious of the Bhuyans.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><b>Khen Dynasty<br \/><\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Khen dynasty replaced the weak rulers of Kamata kingdom following Arimatta in the middle of the 15th century. Niladhvaj Khen, the first king, united several Baro-Bhuyan chieftains of the area and removed the last of Arimatta&#8217;s successors\u2014Mriganka.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There were only three Khen rulers. The last king, Nilambar expanded the kingdom to include the present Koch Bihar districts of West Bengal and the undivided Kamrup and Darrang districts of Assam and northern Mymensing in Bangladesh as well as eastern parts of Dinajpur district, though he was removed by Alauddin Husain Shah in 1498.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the Gosani Mangala (1823), the Khen rulers had a humble origin, implying that they were local indigenous chieftains. They worshiped Kamatashwari (also\u00a0 called Chandi or Bhavani), thus providing a break from the earlier dynasties that drew their lineage from Narakasura, the son of Vishnu i.e Bhauma dynasty. The Khen rulers were of Kheng-Bhutanese lineage from\u00a0 the mountains. Possibly non-Aryan in origin, it was only the decline of the Kamarupa kings\u00a0 which allowed them to blossom into a powerful entity in their own right from their former position as local chieftains.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Khen dynasty finally fell to Alauddin Husain Shah in 1498. But Hussein Shah could not rule the kingdom\u2014Bhuyan chiefs of the region, with the help of the Ahom king, Suhungmung, defeated the invaders in 1505. Soon the control of the Kamata kingdom passed into the hands of the Koch dynasty.After the collapse of the Palas of the Kamrupa Kingdom, western Kamarupa was the domain of the Koch and Mech peoples \u2013 kamata, Khen and Koch Kingdoms. In other parts of the erstwhile Kamarupa, the Kachari kingdom (central Assam, South bank), BaroBhuyans (central Assam, North bank), and the Chutiya kingdom (east) were emerging. The Ahoms, who would establish a strong and independent kingdom later, began building their state structures in the region between the Kachari and the Chutiya kingdoms in 1228.<\/span><\/p><p><b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Kachari Kingdom<\/span><br \/><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Dimasa Kingdom (also Hidimb\u0101 kingdom) was a\u00a0 major\u00a0 kingdom\u00a0 in\u00a0 Assam, Northeast\u00a0 India ruled by Dimasa kings,\u00a0 \u00a0 called Timisa in \u00a0 \u00a0 the Ahom Buranjis. The \u00a0 \u00a0 Dimasa \u00a0 \u00a0 kingdom \u00a0 \u00a0 and \u00a0 \u00a0 others (Kamata, Chutiya) that developed in the wake of the\u00a0 Kamarupa kingdom were examples of new states that emerged from indigenous communities in Medieval Assam that\u00a0 transformed\u00a0 these\u00a0 communities. The British finally annexed the kingdom: the\u00a0 plains in\u00a0 1832\u00a0 and the hills\u00a0 in\u00a0 1834.\u00a0 This\u00a0 kingdom gave its\u00a0 name\u00a0 to undivided\u00a0 Cachar\u00a0 district of colonial\u00a0 Assam.\u00a0 And\u00a0 after\u00a0 independence\u00a0 the\u00a0 undivided Cachar district was split into three\u00a0 districts\u00a0 in\u00a0 Assam: Dima\u00a0 Hasao\u00a0 district (formerly North\u00a0 Cachar Hills), Cachar district, Hailakandi district.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the beginning of the 13th century, when the Ahoms appeared on the political scene of Assam, the Kacharis were the\u00a0 most important and organised tribe with\u00a0 their kingdom extending\u00a0 fromthe\u00a0 river.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dikhou in the east to the Kapili in the west and covering the present district of North Cachar in the south. The Kacharis have no written records o their rule. According to certain traditions, there were two branches of Kacharis, one ruling at sadiya and the other on the south bank of the Brahmaputra with capitals at Dimapur, Maibong and Khaspur.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The southern branch of the Dacharis claimed their esent from Ghatotkacha, son\u00a0 of Bhima, through the Kachari princess Hedamba or hidimba. As for the Sadiyal Kacharis their identity is not fully established.The Kacharis are known under different names in different places throughout north-east India. In goaplara and North Bengal they are called Mech and in North Cachar Hills Dimasa. In the Brahmaputra valley, the Kacharis call themselves Bodo or Bodo-fisa.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The first encounter of the Kacharis with the Ahoms took place about the end of the 15th century. The Ahoms were defeated and compelled to sue for peace. This humiliation was fully retaliated by Suhungmung or the Dinihgia Raja, who inflicted a crushing defeat on the Kacharis in 1526 AD and made them feudatory to the Ahoms. Henceforth the Kachari kings were called thapita sancita of the Ahoms. But soon afterwards, the Kacharis revolted against the Ahoms\u00a0 who led an army\u00a0 to subdue the rebels, killed their king and took possession of their capital city Dimapur.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Kacharis then moved downwards and established their headquarters at Maibang on the bank the Mahur river, but the Ahom\u00a0 kings\u00a0 did not refrain from considering the Kacharis as being\u00a0 in virtual subordination.The Kacharis were conquered by the Koches in 1562 and Kamalnarayan, popularly known as Gosain Kamal, who was another brother of Naranarayan, the Koch king, was appointed governor of Cachar.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This had stopped Ahom intervention in Kachari affairs as the Ahoms also by that time had become tributary to the Koches. However following the defeat of the Koches in Bengal (1567-68), the rulers of the north-eastern states reasserted their independence.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><b>JAINTIA KINGDOM<\/b><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Jaintia \u00a0 Kingdom was \u00a0 a\u00a0 \u00a0 matriarchal\u00a0 \u00a0 kingdom\u00a0 \u00a0 in\u00a0 \u00a0 present-day Bangladesh&#8217;s Sylhet Division and India&#8217;s Meghalaya state. It was partitioned into three in 630 AD by Raja Guhak for his three\u00a0 sons, \u00a0 into\u00a0 the \u00a0 Jaintia \u00a0 Kingdom, Gour \u00a0 Kingdom and Laur \u00a0 Kingdom. \u00a0 It\u00a0 was\u00a0 annexed\u00a0 by the British East India Company in 1835.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jayantia was a matriarchal race which had established their kingdom in and around Jayantia hills. This race forged matrimonial relation with the Ahoms and fought alongside during the invasion of the Mughals.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the 17&#8243; century Jayantia king Dhanmanik helped the Ahoms in the war against the Kacharis. One of their ruler, Jashomatta Rai was the contemporary of the Ahom king Nariya Raja (1644-1648). He claimed back the possession of Dimoria, Gobha,\u00a0 Nellie\u00a0 and\u00a0 Khola\u00a0 principalities\u00a0 which\u00a0 led\u00a0 to\u00a0 the souring\u00a0 of\u00a0 relations\u00a0 between\u00a0 the\u00a0 Jayantias\u00a0 and \u00a0 the\u00a0 Ahoms.\u00a0 Bijayanarayan\u00a0 was\u00a0 the\u00a0 last\u00a0 Jayantia ruler after whom this kingdom passed into the hands of the British along with the Ahom kingdom.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>http:\/\/www.lltonline.org\/Class%20Contents\/Assam%20History%20-%20Upal\/Chutia%20Kingdom.mp4 Chutiya KingdomDuring the earlier part of the 13th century, when the Ahoms established their rule over Assam with the capital at Sivasagar, the Sovansiri area and by the banks of the Disang river were under the control of the Chutias. According to popular Chutia legend, Chutia king Birpal established his rule at Sadiya in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"folder":[14],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lltonline.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4227"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lltonline.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lltonline.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lltonline.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lltonline.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4227"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/lltonline.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4227\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4238,"href":"https:\/\/lltonline.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4227\/revisions\/4238"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lltonline.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4227"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lltonline.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/folder?post=4227"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}