The horizontal motion refers to the ocean currents and waves. The vertical motion refers to tides.Ocean currents are the continuous flow of huge amount of water in a definite direction…

HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE Water is a cyclic resource. It can be used and re-used.The hydrological cycle, is the circulation of water within the earth’s hydrosphere in different forms i.e. the liquid,…

Three broad approaches have been adopted for classifying climate.Empirical classification is based on observed data, particularly on temperature and precipitation.Genetic classification attempts to organize climates according to their causes.Applied classification…

Water is present in the atmosphere in three forms namely – gaseous, liquid and solid.The moisture in the atmosphere is derived from water bodies through evaporation and from plants through…

Air expands when heated and gets compressed when cooled. This results in variations in the atmospheric pressure.The result is that it causes the movement of air from high pressure to…

Landform:- In simple words, small to medium tracts or parcels of the earth’s surface are called landforms.Each landform has its own physical shape, size, materials and is a result of…

SOLAR RADIATION The earth’s surface receives most of its energy in short wavelengths. The energy received by the earth is known as incoming solar radiation which in short is termed…

Gases Carbon dioxide is meteorologically a very important gas as it is transparent to the incoming solar radiation but opaque to the outgoing terrestrial radiation.absorbs a part of terrestrial radiation…

The external forces are known as exogenic forces and the internal forces are known as endogenic forces.The actions of exogenic forces result in wearing down (degradation) of relief/elevations and filling…

Mineral is a naturally occurring organic and inorganic substance, having an orderly atomic structure and a definite chemical composition and physical properties.A mineral is composed of two or more elements.…

CONTINENTAL DRIFT:- By Alfred Wegener—a German meteorologist 1912. This was regarding the distribution of the oceans and the continents.According to Wegener, all the continents formed a single continental mass and…

SOURCES OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE INTERIOR The earth’s radius is 6,370 km.Two type of source of information:-1- Indirect2- DirectDirect Sources:- surface rock or the rocks we get from mining areas. Example-…

THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE EARTH:- EARLY THEORIES-Nebular Hypothesis- by German philosopher Immanuel Kant. Mathematician Laplace revised it in 1796. The hypothesis considered that the planets were formed out…

What is Geography? Geography is concerned with the description and explanation of the areal differentiation of the earth’s surface.is important for human beings.Landforms provide the base on which human activities are…

A human settlement is defined as a place inhabited more or less permanently. The houses may be designed or redesigned, buildings may be altered, functions may change but settlement continues…

barter system, where direct exchange of goods took place.Every January after the harvest season Jon Beel Mela takes place in Jagiroad, 35 km away from Guwahati and it is possibly…

Tertiary activities involve the commercial output of services rather than the production of tangible goods. They are not directly involved in the processing of physical raw materials. Common examples are…

Secondary activities add value to natural resources by transforming raw materials into valuable products. Secondary activities, therefore, are concerned with manufacturing, processing and construction (infrastructure) industries. MANUFACTURING  Manufacturing involves a…